Chapters

Chapter first line - New approaches to public management, “best value for money”, market liberalization, budgetary constraints and so forth: until the 1970s, these market regulations played no part in the formulation and implementation of arms policy in Europe. At the national level, budget costs were a peripheral consideration (Genieys and Michel 2006) in an arms policy “through which a state made sure of its future ability to equip itself with arms” (Hoeffler 2013: 642). At the European level, states co-operated in order to produce the “best” possible equipment. Cutting production costs was a secondary goal  (DeVore and Weiss 2014). However, from the 1980s onwards, market regulations entered into European arms policy. For some, this drive towards liberalization produced different effects in different states (Joana and Mérand 2014; DeVore 2015); for others...